長青通訊 第二十二期 EHVA Newsletter No. 22

Sweet Syndrome 甘、鮮、甜綜合症

石大夫談養生

甜食對糖尿病的人造成困惱，那麼美食呢？所謂美食，要求的標準原苛於甜食，除了味美之外，還須有色和香的配合。問題上，天然食物含色、香、味三者俱全者幾乎很少，因此彼此配料就變得不可避免了。其次，天然食物的美味即使存在，也必須經過細嚼慢嚥，透過新鮮、生食才能發揮功效。在食品保存和衛生的立場上都有困難。所以大部分的美味、美食，都無法避免加工的程序，才能完成理想。至於，如何增加美味，那當然只有靠加味囉！加味方法不外乎是濃縮或添加萃取物或萃取加工物。加工的手段，前者重加熱，後者重發酵。遺憾的是，這兩種方法都會破壞食物本身的營養和美味成分。為了彌補損失，也只有被迫加味再加味的道理即在此。其實，不只是味如此，香和色也是如此。

以味道而言，甘鮮是最主要的訴求。根據研究，這兩種原味最主要來自蛋白質透過水解或發酵所得的分解物〈胺基酸〉，或者是遺傳物質核酸分解後所得的核苷酸。此二者，味甘、鮮可口，對舌頭品味的效果，比之甜味，絕不遜色。因此，幾乎很少人能抵抗它的誘惑，對於患有糖尿病的人，自然也不例外。遺憾的是，甘、鮮二味， 尤其是濃縮或添加者，對糖尿病或糖尿病體質的人而言，對身體的影響是易引起血糖的上升； 同時，產生容易疲倦，精神、體力不繼的現象。難怪專科醫師會時時刻刻提醒患者要注意飲食中特殊食物對體質的過敏性。因為透過測量血糖的證據顯示居高不正常的數據，實源起過敏食物的攝取。

已知的天然甜味劑，例如：蔗糖、果糖、麥芽糖、葡萄糖、D-sorbitol〈D-山黎醣醇〉、D-xylose〈D-木糖〉多少可以預防。但是有些甜味卻來自人工合成的甜味劑，例如：Saccharin糖精、Dulcin甘精、Na-cyclamate甜精、Na-glycyrrhizinate甘草素，雖然無葡萄糖的成分存在，但是同樣的對患者造成疲倦，精神、體力不濟的現象，我們將這群甘、鮮、甜劑所造成身體的煩惱統稱為Sweet Syndrome甘、鮮、甜綜合症。

天然的甘、鮮劑並不多，舉例其中數種以供參考：

• 海帶、昆布的鮮味來自Na-glutamate〈味精成分，一種胺基酸〉
• 柴魚的鮮味來自Inosinate 〈一種核苷酸〉
• 香菇的鮮味來自Guanylate 〈一種核苷酸〉

反之，利用發酵、萃取、加工合成的甘、鮮劑卻很多，試舉常用者有：

• Monosodium L-glutamate, M.S.G.味精 〈胺基酸〉
• 5'-Na-Inosinate, 5'肌酸磷酸二鈉 〈核苷酸〉
• Sodium 5'-Guanylate, 鳥嘌呤核苷5'磷酸二鈉 〈核苷酸〉
• Mixture of 5'-ribonucleotide, 5'核酸鈉混合物 〈核苷酸〉
• Succinic acid and Na-salt, 琥珀酸及其鈉鹽 〈胺基酸〉
• Malic acid and Na-salt, 蘋果酸及其鈉鹽 〈胺基酸〉
• Sodium D-tartarate, D-酒石酸鈉 〈胺基酸〉
• Sodium DL-tartarate, DL-酒石酸鈉 〈胺基酸〉
• Monosodium L-aspartate, L-天冬氨基酸鈉 〈胺基酸〉
• Amino acetic acid 〈glycine〉, 甘氨基酸 〈胺基酸〉
• DL-ALPHA-alanine or DL-ALPHA-amino propanic acid, DL-ALPHA 丙氨基酸
• Sodium lactate solution 〈乳酸鈉溶液〉

人工甘、鮮、甜劑充斥市場，早已不是新聞。我們日常無論上餐館，尤其是速食店、上市場，舉凡炒出來的菜、熬出來的湯，甚至買個麵包、糕餅、醬類，都填滿了甘、鮮、甜劑；連軟性飲料，其實也不例外。而我們從Nutritional ingredient 〈營養成分比例〉 看到的可能只有一個含鈉成分而已，這是消費者不可不慎思之處啊！

探討Sweet Syndrome的反應，理論很多，唯一能為大家廣為考慮的一項是，它的反應很快。因此，有些專家認為它們是透過舌頭的神經，直接傳導至大腦之後，所引發的快速反應有關。那麼為什麼有的人會有反應？而有的人沒有反應呢？解釋的理由是，它可能和Homeostasis-身體控制的恆定性的包含程度有關。恆定性程度高，包容範圍大，反應無須存在；反之，恆定性程度低， 容忍範圍小，反應強烈。透過身體全身性的表現，容易自我察覺。糖尿病體質的人對於甜、甘、鮮味的反應強烈，由此可能可以推斷他們身體的恆定機制對於這類物質的容忍性太小，這是值得注意的重點。

消渴症容易口乾，該怎麼辦呢？

首先著重於澱粉類的控制，運動，合理時間的睡眠，保持心情平靜，遵照、配合醫師指示是基本原則。本篇強調的重點是淡味、家常，尤其要避免 Sweet Syndrome 的發生。一旦發覺症狀，應該有下次避免再犯的自我提醒和決心，這是非常重要的。

祖國醫學對口渴的問題也有心得，在此提出，做解渴參考。

 沙參茶
性寒味甘。
功效：潤肺止咳，養胃生津為要。
用量：10-15 公克，煮水當茶喝。

 梨皮茶
性涼味甘微酸。
功效：潤肺生津。
用量：10-15 公克，煮水當茶喝。
[註]：梨皮生津潤燥為梨的最有效成份， 
因此，吃梨削皮廢棄之法，並不明智。

 番石榴葉茶
性涼味甘，微酸澀。
功效：解糖生津。
用量：10-15 公克，煮水當茶喝。

 沙參麥門冬湯
沙參  15 公克   玉竹  12 公克  
麥門冬  12 公克   甘草  9 公克
桑葉  9 公克   扁豆   9 公克
天花粉  9 公克
功效；生津止渴，潤燥解熱，養胃陰。
製作；加水10 杯，濃縮至6 杯。日服1-2 杯.

新會長尹明潭先生的話:

本中心會長於6月完成交接。前任會長鄞淑純>綜理會務，舉辦各種活動，諸如：健康養生講座、養生班、癌友互助會午餐、長青素食DVD錄影、老人中心素食午餐。鄞會長盡心盡力，任勞任怨，得到大家的敬佩，本中心特贈紀念牌致敬。

Flavors and Properties of Common Fruits and Vegetables

Translated by Jack Houng
(Chinese version, by Dr. Hung-Ying Shih, was published on EHVA Newsletter (12), Dec. 2000)

The three common melons: watermelon, honeydew, and cantaloupe are all cold in nature. Because they can clear heat and act as a diuretic, they cannot be eaten frequently. If one must eat them, it is best to eat them before noon. Eating them before sleep will cause frequent urination.

Grapes, apples and strawberries are all neutral in nature. The herbal functions of grapes are to supplement qi and blood, to strengthen tendons and bones, and to aid urination. Apple can increase the secretion of saliva gland, lubricate the lungs, and stimulate appetite. Strawberry can brighten eyes. Both grapes and strawberries are food allergens. For Some people, these two fruits should be avoided entirely. Too much of grapes and strawberries will cause dizziness in young children.

Pear is cold in nature and sweet in flavor. It also helps to increase the secretion of saliva gland, moisten dryness and clear heat. People with diarrhea due to coldness should avoid them because of its cold nature.

As for peaches, plums, apricots, and persimmons, people with all types of stomach disorders should avoid them. When eaten in large quantity, these fruits can cause problems: Peaches will effuse sores; plums will damage the stomach and spleen; apricot will bring trouble to people with constant diarrhea; Persimmon will also damage the stomach and induce the reoccurrence of old disorders. However, dried persimmon cookie(柿餅), which is common in Chinese herbal stores, can still be eaten because of its little effect. It will be difficult for a person to recover from cold or fever if he eats fresh persimmon during the period of sickness.

Banana cannot be eaten often. It also has to be avoided by people with constant diarrhea. As for pineapple, the juice can aid digestion but the fiber will damage the stomach. Lychee (荔枝), which is hard to find in the US, is warm in nature. Longan (龍眼) is neutral in nature and sweet in flavor. It can calm the mind and supplement qi and blood. People with sore throat and excessive mucous should avoid it.

Jujube (大棗) is neutral in nature and sweet in flavor. Cherries are warm in nature and sweet in flavor. They can boost qi and relieve the discomfort caused by wind and dampness. According to the literature, cherries are a well-known remedy for gout, arthritis and rheumatism. Their ability to eliminate excess body acids can help reduce the crystals of uric acid production.

Orange is cool in nature. It can stimulate appetite and lubricate the lungs. A large intake of orange will increase dampness in the body and mucous in the respiratory system. Orange is one of the most notorious food allergens. Star fruit is cold in nature. It is diuretic and can quench thirst, alleviate irritation, clear heat. Too much star fruit will cause inactivity in the digestive system. Loquat is neutral in nature, and helps lubricate the lungs and quench thirst.

Papaya is neutral in nature and sweet in flavor. The underripe papaya and its seeds are rich in the enzyme papain. It acts as a digestive aid. Papaya helps urination and bowel movement. However, there are a few side effects: (1) The constipation problem reoccurs if one stops consuming papaya; (2) For seniors, a large intake of papaya might cause muscle cramps at night.

Fig is neutral in nature and sweet in flavor. It can strengthen the stomach, clean the intestines, and act as a mild laxative. Mango is cool in nature. Too much mango will induce the reoccurrence of old disorders.

As a general rule, do eat a variety of fruits and don't limit yourself to any particular type of fruit.

Vegetables and fruits contain many vitamins and minerals. If a person understands his body's special need for certain vitamins and minerals, he can choose the appropriate fruits and vegetables to take. The benefits of eating or drinking the blended vegetables and fruits are two folds: (1) it takes less energy to digest the food. (2) One can consume more and obtain more nutrients if the food is blended.

Fruits and vegetables that are rich in vitamin E and can be used for blending include: asparagus, honeydew, kiwi, carrot, spinach, and tomato. Those with large quantity of vitamin C include: broccoli, green pepper, kale, parsley and collard green.

Fruits and vegetable that are rich in minerals and can be used for blending.

Fruits and vegetables rich in calcium include: beet green, dandelion green, kale, parsley, collard green, turnip green, and watercress.

Those with magnesium include: beet, carrot (also containing iron to supplement the blood), kale, parsley, garlic, grape, orange and turnip green.

Those that are high in potassium include honeydew, carrot, celery, kale, and parsley.

All the above-mentioned fruits and vegetables can boost the energy level of a person.

The table on the next page summarizes the nutritional contents of the fruits and vegetables we have discussed thus far. It offers a general guideline. “+” means substantial amount. Please note this is a quantitative approach. It doesn't explain the qualitative aspect. Also, the absorption of the nutrients depends on a person's homeostasis condition.

維生素、礦物質含量較高且適合榨汁的蔬果

醫藥也會造成對身體的傷害 (一)

健康新知精選 呂錞銀
摘譯自Consumer Reports on Health Vol. 15, No. 7

醫藥應該是能治療疾病的，但有時反而會使病情惡化或引起其他疾病。本文並不是要嚇壞讀者， 而是要提高讀者的警覺性，懂得如何保護自己。

在美國，最容易引發急性肝臟疾病的是什麼？

肝炎？酒？ 兩者都不是。答案是最普通的退燒藥 acetaminophen 〈Panadol, Tylenol〉。

很多成藥或醫生指定的藥都有可能引起其他疾病，如：膽結石、潰瘍、精神異常 〈psychosis〉、 心臟病、 癌症。即使是所謂的自然療法，草藥也會造成傷害。

藥物有時會增加得疾病的危險性，例如：服用ibuprofen 〈Advil, Mortrin〉、ketoprofen 〈Orudis, KT〉、 及 naproxen 〈Aleve, Naprosyn〉 會使血壓上升。長期使用，還可能傷害胃，肝臟和腎臟。

患者服藥，原以為會幫助他們治愈疾病，結果反而引起新的病症；不幸的是，這些因服用藥物所引起的疾病常被診斷錯誤。譬如： 醫生常覺得老年人性功能衰退，神智不清是老化現象；其實也可能是藥物所導致。

醫生如果沒有考慮到藥物可能會造成攝護腺腫大，就可能會建議開刀，動手術，而不會找出真正的原因以做正確的治療。

本季長青活動

• 4/4 Hayward Senior Center Functional diet &Seminar
• 4/12 San James Senior Apartment 消脂解糖餐解說午餐會及健康講座
• 5/10 San James Senior Apartment 消脂解糖早餐會及測量血糖
• 5/17 防癌協會癌友互助組午餐會
• 5/18 石大夫菩提學會演講
• 5/10-6/7 San James Senior Apartment 消脂解糖月(提供60位長輩每天兩餐消脂解糖餐為期一個月)
• 6/7 San James Senior Apartment 消脂解糖早餐會及驗血糖
• 6/10 San Leandro Ashland Community Center Luncheon & Seminar
• 6/21 防癌協會防癌接力

歡迎捐款及贊助

本年度榮譽董事芳名

長青健康素食推廣中心 Evergreen Healthy Vegetarian Association

3085 Lawrence Expressway, Santa Clara, CA95051-0713
電話,傳真：866-841-9139 ext 3537#
網址：http://www.ehva.org

洛杉磯連絡處: 8513 Elm Circle, City of Buena Park, CA 90620

電話：714-827-4925

新竹連絡處： 新竹縣竹北市華興街79號,Taiwan, ROC

電話：03-553-5380
傳真：03-553-1440

台北連絡處： P. O. Box 94-35, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC

電話：02-2940-6824
傳真：02-2944-9757